Optimalisasi Produktivitas Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) di Indonesia: Strategi Budidaya dan Teknologi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66031/reset.v2i1.648Keywords:
Buah Naga Merah, Produktivitas, Budidaya Terpadu, Teknologi LED, Pertanian PresisiAbstract
Buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) merupakan komoditas hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi di Indonesia, namun produktivitasnya masih belum optimal akibat pendekatan budidaya yang cenderung parsial dan belum terintegrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji secara kritis strategi budidaya dan inovasi teknologi yang berpotensi mengoptimalkan produktivitas buah naga merah di Indonesia melalui kajian literatur sistematis berbasis sintesis tematik dari studi empiris dan review pada aspek nutrisi, media tanam, pengelolaan air, teknologi pencahayaan LED, varietas, serta pengendalian hama dan penyakit. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas ditentukan oleh interaksi kompleks antara faktor fisiologis, lingkungan, dan teknologi, di mana nutrisi dan media tanam menjadi fondasi pertumbuhan, pengelolaan air menjaga keseimbangan fisiologis, LED meningkatkan efisiensi fotosintesis dan pembungaan, varietas menentukan potensi genetik serta adaptasi, dan pengendalian hama dan penyakit menjaga stabilitas hasil. Namun, kajian yang ada masih bersifat terfragmentasi dan belum menghasilkan model integratif yang menjelaskan sistem produksi secara komprehensif. Oleh karena itu, optimalisasi produktivitas membutuhkan pendekatan sistemik berbasis integrasi teknologi presisi, budidaya adaptif, dan manajemen agribisnis untuk meningkatkan efisiensi, stabilitas produksi, serta daya saing buah naga di Indonesia.
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