Dampak Perubahan Iklim terhadap Kesehatan Lingkungan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.66031/reset.v2i1.680Keywords:
Climate Change, Environmental Health, Infectious Diseases, Food Security, Extreme WeatherAbstract
Perubahan iklim semakin membentuk risiko kesehatan lingkungan melalui perubahan suhu, curah hujan, kelembapan, cuaca ekstrem, kualitas air dan udara, serta ketahanan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak perubahan iklim terhadap kesehatan lingkungan melalui perubahan faktor lingkungan, jalur paparan, risiko penyakit, dan kerentanan masyarakat. Penelitian menggunakan literature review dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif terhadap literatur ilmiah tahun 2018–2026 yang dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan iklim tidak menghasilkan risiko kesehatan melalui satu jalur, tetapi melalui keterkaitan antara perubahan ekologis, paparan lingkungan, penyakit, dan kapasitas adaptasi. Peningkatan suhu, kelembapan, dan perubahan curah hujan memperbesar kondisi yang mendukung penularan demam berdarah dengue, sedangkan banjir mempertemukan risiko penyakit dengan gangguan sanitasi, kualitas air, dan akses pelayanan kesehatan. Pada jalur lain, perubahan iklim mengganggu produksi dan ketahanan pangan, meningkatkan risiko gangguan gizi, serta memperburuk kualitas udara melalui kebakaran. Temuan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan yang hanya menghubungkan satu faktor iklim dengan satu penyakit belum mampu merepresentasikan kompleksitas risiko kesehatan. Pengelolaan kesehatan lingkungan perlu mengintegrasikan pemantauan iklim, surveilans penyakit, kualitas lingkungan, ketahanan pangan, dan kerentanan masyarakat. Penelitian selanjutnya perlu mengembangkan model integratif spasial-temporal dan prediktif untuk mengidentifikasi pola risiko serta mendukung respons adaptasi berbasis bukti.
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