Literature Review on the Role of School Principals in the Society 5.0: Strategies and Future Challenges
Keywords:
School Principals, Leadership in Society 5.0, VUCA Era, Learning Communities, Holistic and Contextual LeadershipAbstract
This study explores the role of school principals in the era of Society 5.0, emphasizing strategies and challenges in leading education within the VUCA context. Using a library research method, the study reviews relevant scientific literature from books, journal articles, conference proceedings, research reports, and official documents published within the last decade. The analysis highlights that principals are required to act as adaptive and innovative leaders who integrate technological advancement with strong character education. Effective leadership in this context must be holistic and contextual, bridging educational policies with classroom realities, addressing infrastructure disparities, and fostering collaborative, human-centered learning cultures. Furthermore, the findings reveal that the success of school leadership in Society 5.0 cannot be solely measured by the sophistication of technology, but by its effectiveness in creating inclusive, adaptive, and sustainable learning ecosystems. Future research opportunities remain wide open, particularly longitudinal and empirical studies on dialogical and collaborative leadership, as well as the development of learning communities. This study contributes both theoretically and practically by offering insights into leadership models that align with the demands of Society 5.0, while also providing direction for future educational leadership research.
Downloads
References
Abdulah, M. K., Fauzi, I. K. A., & Sudrajat, A. (2022). Manajemen Strategi Pengelolaan Kelas dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Layanan Pendidikan. Jurnal Simki Pedagogia, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.29407/jsp.v5i2.149
Adipat, S., Chotikapanich, R., Laksana, K., Busayanon, K., Piatanom, P., Ausawasowan, A., & Elbasouni, I. (2023). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Professional Teacher Development. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2023-0015
Adnan, A., Gunawan, A., & Syarifudin, E. (2023). Analisis Model Kepemimpinan Karismatik dan Visioner. Tarbiatuna: Journal of Islamic Education Studies, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.47467/tarbiatuna.v4i1.4381
Agoustin, P. E., & Roesminingsih, E. (2021). Pengambilan Keputusan Partisipatif Kepala Sekolah Dalam Mutu Sekolah. Jurnal Inspirasi Manajemen Pendidikan, 9(4).
Akpa, V. O., Asikhia, O. U., & Nneji, N. E. (2021). Organizational Culture and Organizational Performance: A Review of Literature. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Management, 3(1).
Alfiani, M. M., & Fauziyah, Y. (2020). Manajemen Kepemimpinan Transformasional dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Tenaga Pendidik dan Kependidikan. ISLAMIKA, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.36088/islamika.v2i1.403
Anadol, Y., & Behery, M. (2020). Humanistic leadership in the UAE context. Cross Cultural and Strategic Management, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/CCSM-01-2020-0023
Ardinata, R., Rahmat, J., & Andres FS. (2022). Transformasional sebagai solusi pengembangan konsep smart city menuju era society 5.0: sebuah kajian literature Al-Isyraq, 1(1).
Asmendri, A., Sari, M., Khairiah, K., Afnibar, Sulistyorini, Ibarra, F. P., Santos, M. R. H. M. D., & Quicho, R. F. (2023). The Roles of Principals in Teacher Competency Development for Students’ Morale Improvement. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 23(11). https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v23i11.6223
Bush, T. (2019). Professional learning communities and instructional leadership: A collaborative approach to leading learning? In Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 47(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143219869151
Butler-Henderson, K., & Crawford, J. (2020). Digitally empowered students through teacher leadership: The role of authentic leadership. Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2020.3.s1.6
Chughtai, M. S., Syed, F., Naseer, S., & Chinchilla, N. (2023). Role of adaptive leadership in learning organizations to boost organizational innovations with change self-efficacy. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04669-z
Dewi, E. R., Hidayatullah, C., Oktaviantari, D., & Raini, M. Y. (2020). Konsep Kepemimpinan Profetik. Al-Muaddib: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial Dan Keislaman, 5(1).
Diana, A., & Soeratin, H. (2023). Peran Kepemimpinan di Era Society 5.0 dengan Konsep Multieduhealthtainment. MASALIQ, 3(4). https://doi.org/10.58578/masaliq.v3i4.1251
Doan, T. T. T., Nguyen, L. C. T., & Nguyen, T. D. N. (2020). Emotional intelligence and project success: The roles of transformational leadership and organizational commitment. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no3.223
Fatqurhohman, F. (2025). Transformasi Kepemimpinan Pendidikan Era VUCA: Strategi Menuju Institusi Unggul dan Adaptif. CV. Ihsan Cahaya Pustaka: Jember
Fatqurhohman, F., Damayanti, N. W., & Chen, X. (2025). Innovation Digital and Virtual Reality Based Instructional Design for High School Students. JINEA: Journal of Innovation in Education and Learning, 1(2), 63–74. https://jurnal.ihsancahayapustaka.id/index.php/jinea
Fatqurhohman, F., & Huda, H. (2025). Implementation of Articulate Storyline Learning Media in Cultivating Students’ Character in The Digital Era. AULADUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Islam, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.24252/auladuna.v12i1a2.2025
Ghazali, Z. I. (2023). Prophetic Leadership in Islamic Educational Institutions in the 4.0 Era. Al-Abshar: Journal of Islamic Education Management, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.58223/al-abshar.v2i1.61
Gunawan, A., & Imam, I. K. (2023). Guru Profesional: Makna dan Karakteristik. Cendekia Inovatif Dan Berbudaya, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.59996/cendib.v1i2.256
Hanine, S., & Dinar, B. (2022). The Challenges of Human Capital Management in the VUCA Era. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability Studies, 10(03). https://doi.org/10.4236/jhrss.2022.103030
Harahap, N. J., Limbong, C. H., & Sinaga Simanjorang, E. F. (2023). The Education in Era Society 5.0. Jurnal Eduscience, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.36987/jes.v10i1.3959
Hargitai, D. M., & Bencsik, A. (2023). The Role of Leadership in Digital Learning Organizations. Emerging Science Journal, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2023-SIED2-09
Jan, B. K., & Maulida, M. (2022). The Role of Leaders’ Motivation, Entrepreneurial Leadership, and Organisational Agility in Social Enterprise Sustainability. The South East Asian Journal of Management, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.21002/seam.v16i2.1167
Jani, J., & Suryadinata, S. (2023). The Influence of Leadership Style on Employee Performance. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v11i3.2233
Kaufman, Eric. K., Mitra, S., Anderson, J. C., Coartney, J. S., & Cash, C. S. (2020). LEADING COLLABORATIVE CHANGE IN AN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION. Journal of Leadership Education, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.12806/v19/i4/r5
Kaur Bagga, S., Gera, S., & Haque, S. N. (2023). The mediating role of organizational culture: Transformational leadership and change management in virtual teams. Asia Pacific Management Review, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2022.07.003
Ketprapakorn, N., & Kantabutra, S. (2022). Toward an organizational theory of sustainability culture. In Sustainable Production and Consumption. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.05.020
Khilji, S. E. (2022). An Approach for Humanizing Leadership Education: Building Learning Community & Stakeholder Engagement. Journal of Management Education, 46(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/10525629211041355
Lai, F. Y., Tang, H. C., Lu, S. C., Lee, Y. C., & Lin, C. C. (2020). Transformational Leadership and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Work Engagement. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019899085
Lämsä, A. M., & Keränen, A. (2020). Responsible Leadership in the Manager–Employee Relationship. South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/2277977920958543
Larsson, P., & Löwstedt, J. (2023). Distributed school leadership: Making sense of the educational infrastructure. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 51(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220973668
Lee, M. C. C., Lin, M. H., Srinivasan, P. M., & Carr, S. C. (2024). Transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: new mediating roles for trustworthiness and trust in team leaders. Current Psychology, 43(11). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05095-x
Mardizal, J., Handayani, E. S., Ghazali, A., Al Haddar, G., Anggriawan, F., & Arifudin, O. (2023). Model Kepemimpinan Transformational, Visioner dan Authentic Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan di Era 4.0. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research, 3(5).
McCarthy, A. M., Maor, D., McConney, A., & Cavanaugh, C. (2023). Digital transformation in education: Critical components for leaders of system change. Social Sciences and Humanities Open, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100479
McLaughlin, C. P., & Kunk-Czaplicki, J. A. (2020). Leadership: Theory and Practice (Peter G. Northouse). Journal of College Student Development, 61(2). https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2020.0023
Meesuk, P., Wongrugsa, A., & Wangkaewhiran, T. (2021). Sustainable Teacher Professional Development Through Professional Learning Community: PLC. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 23(2). https://doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2021-0015
Minciu, M., Berar, F. A., & Dobrea, R. C. (2020). New decision systems in the VUCA world. Management and Marketing, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2020-0015
Mira Marisa, & Saipul An Nur. (2021). Kepemimpinan Transformasional Pendidikan Di Era Society 5.0. SOSIOEDUKASI: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan Dan Sosial, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v10i2.1553
Mthanti, B. J., & Msiza, P. (2023). The roles of the school principals in the professional development of teachers for 21st century Education. Cogent Education, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2267934
Nahnudin, N., Fauji, A., & Firdaos, R. (2023). Tipe dan Ide Kepemimpinan Adaptif Terhadap Solusi Konflik Organisasi. TADBIR MUWAHHID, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.30997/jtm.v7i1.8127
Peng, B. (2022). Digital leadership: State governance in the era of digital technology. Cultures of Science, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2096608321989835
Prestiadi, D., Gunawan, I., & Sumarsono, R. B. (2020). Role of Transformational Leadership in Education 4.0. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201204.020
Rani Afkarina, Cindi Septianza, Ahmad Faisol Amir, & Mochammad Isa Anshori. (2023). Manajemen Perubahan Di Era VUCA. Lokawati: Jurnal Penelitian Manajemen Dan Inovasi Riset, 1(6). https://doi.org/10.61132/lokawati.v1i6.332
Rass, L., Treur, J., Kucharska, W., & Wiewiora, A. (2023). Adaptive dynamical systems modelling of transformational organizational change with focus on organizational culture and organizational learning. Cognitive Systems Research, 79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2023.01.004
Riani, S. S., & Ain, S. Q. (2022). The Role of School Principal in Implementing Education Quality Management. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v6i2.45216
Rimita, K., Hoon, S. N., & Levasseur, R. (2020). Leader Readiness in a Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous Business Environment. Journal of Social Change, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.5590/josc.2020.12.1.02
Ristianah, N., & Ma’sum, T. (2022). Konsep Manajemen Mutu Pendidikan. TABYIN: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ISLAM, 4(01). https://doi.org/10.52166/tabyin.v4i01.169
Sartika, D. (2023). Role of the Principal on Teacher Pedagogic Competence. Journal of Education Method and Learning Strategy, 1(01). https://doi.org/10.59653/jemls.v1i01.14
Susanto, P. C., Agusinta, L., Setyawati, A., & Panjaitan, A. R. P. (2023). Determinant Organization Commitment and Development Organization: Analysis Servant Leadership, Transformational Leadership, Transactional Leadership. Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.55927/fjmr.v2i3.3356
Sutiono, Dr. (2021). Profesionalisme Guru. Tahdzib Al-Akhlaq: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.34005/tahdzib.v4i2.1569
Tripathi, R., & Kumar, A. (2020). Humanistic leadership in the Tata group: the synergy in personal values, organisational strategy and national cultural ethos. Cross Cultural and Strategic Management, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/CCSM-01-2020-0025
Yanti, D. A. W., & Mursidi, M. (2021). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan Kompetensi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen Strategi Dan Aplikasi Bisnis, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.36407/jmsab.v4i1.266
Zhang, G., Zhang, T., Mao, S., Xu, Q., & Ma, X. (2023). Supervisors’ ethical leadership and graduate students’ attitudes toward academic misconduct. PLoS ONE, 18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283032
Downloads
Published
Data Availability Statement
All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article. Additional datasets are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Soleman Saidi, Eni Suryowati, Ummu Sholihah, Fatqurhohman Fatqurhohman (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
